True disruption is where what replaces the incumbent doesn’t look like it used to, where the new problems faced are different, it's not a tweak, it's not a refinement, it's a totally different design process with an entirely new set of principles and criteria to design around. E.g The Lightbulb is a totally different form factor to the Candle, LED's now disrupt incandescent bulbs. Facebook isn't a better Newspaper. Wikipedia is totally different to an encyclopedia. GPS systems disrupted Lighthouses, but automated lighthouses didn't disrupt manned lighthouses. Drones now compete for Firework displays. Napster disrupted CD makers. Vaping isn't a better cigarette, it's a different thing The Railway disrupted Canals. Dollar Shave Club didn't disrupt Gillette. Away didn't disrupt Samsonite, Vice didn't disrupt media, etc etc. It gets harder with things like Dyson, Uber, Tesla, …see more